TOPEX microwave radiometer performance evaluation, 1992-1998

The stability and accuracy of the TOPEX Microwave Radiometer (TMR) measurement of the atmospheric path delay due to water vapor is assessed over the interval from launch (August 1992) through June 1998. Detailed global comparisons are made with path delays derived from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) instruments and a network of 15 island radiosondes. The results provide consistent evidence that the TMR path delay measurements included an instrument-related downward drift of 1.0–1.5 mm/yr between October 1992 and December of 1996. The four-year drift correlates with an upward drift seen in the coldest TMR 18-GHz brightness temperature time series and is further supported by independent comparisons of TMR with ERS-1 and 2, GPS, and the Harvest Platform water vapor radiometer measurements. From January 1997 through June 1998, no significant relative path delay drift between TMR and SSM/I is seen in the comparison data, although anomalies do appear in early 1998. In terms of accuracy, both the SSM/I and radiosonde comparisons indicate no significant ( 2%) scale error in the TMR path delay. An overall bias of 10 mm may be present, but the comparisons are not consistent in this determination.